Ph.D., U. Hamburg, 1952.

Research asst., Thesaurus Linguae Latinae, Munich, 1952-4; asst. Freie U., Berlin, 1954-61; privatdozent, 1961-4; asso. prof. 1964-6; prof. 1966-74; prof. classical studies, U. of Pennsylvania, 1975-88; chair 1978-9, 1980-2, 1985-8; British Council Scholar, U. of London, 1957-8; Guggenheim fell., 1979-80; NEH fell., 1984-5; resident Rockefeller Found., Bellagio Study and Conf. Ctr., Como, Italy, 1989;  vis. prof. Yale, 1965-6; Nellie Wallace lectr., Oxford, 1969; men. IAS (Princeton) 1973-4; vis. prof. Columbia, 1976; men. Notgemeinschaft für eine freie Universität, Berlin, 1969-90; men. Bund Freiheit der Wissenschaft, Bonn, 1970-2018; Herzog August Bibliothek fell., 1991, 1997, 2002, 2006, 2007, 2008; vis. scholar, AAR, 1979-80, 1990, 1997, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008; resident in Classics, 1985.

Psalmenzitate in Augustins Konfessionen, 1955, 2nd ed. as Three Studies, 1987; Die Aeneis und Homer, 1964; 2nd ed., 1979

WhAm 63 (2009) 2694-5.